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Volume 6, Issue 2 (2026)                   3 2026, 6(2): 243-250 | Back to browse issues page
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‎ 10.58209/jpt.6.2.243

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Received: 2026/05/25 | Accepted: 2026/07/8 | Published: 2026/07/19
How to cite this article
Hodjati S. Aristotelian and Modern Logic Approaches to “Copula”. 3 2026; 6 (2) :243-250
URL: http://jpt.daneshafarand.org/article-6-85694-en.html
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Aristotelian and Modern Logic Approaches to “Copula”
Authors S.M.A. Hodjati *
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
* Corresponding Author Address: Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Gisha Bridge, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1311614117 (hojatima@modares.ac.ir)
Abstract   (730 Views)
In Aristotelian logic, the analysis of a categorical sentence is tripartite, i.e., “subject”, “predicate,” and “copula”. In contrast, in modern logic- Fregean and Russellian- it is bipartite. i.e., “function” and “argument”. Although some writings by Aristotelian logicians mention bipartite analysis, scrutiny reveals that they still consider the copula, even if they hide it. This difference in analysis seems rooted in their approaches: the Aristotelian approach is linguistic, and the modern approach is semantic. In sum, we may say that the modern approach is more logical and has consequences that Aristotelian logic ignores.
Keywords:
Copula, Proposition, Bipartite, Tripartite, Function, Argument